TopXGun
Member
Ⅰ Aircraft History
Early Aircraft Evolution
In fifteenth Century, Da Finch designed a vertical screw - like helicopter, but it didn't go beyond empty talk. Geller designed and built monoplane glider model with adjustable cruciform tail, like the kite wing assembly in high angle range, which can change the weight and center. This gliding device has great significance in flight. The Wright brothers' first testing aircraft is completely controlled, on its own power, whose body is heavier than air, continued to hover without landing. That is "the world's first aircraft".
UAV Evolution
The First UAV
Peter Cooper and Elmer A. Sperry invented the first automatic gyro stabilizer, which can make the aircraft keep balance in forward flight. This technology transformed successfully United States Navy Curtiss N-9 type trainer to the radio controlled UAV.
UAV Types
There are three types of UAV at present: fixed wing, helicopter, multi rotor. Fixed wing refers to the propulsion or pulling force that is generated by the power plant, which is generated by lifting the fixed wing of the fuselage and flying heavier than air in the atmosphere. The multi rotor is a special unmanned helicopter with three or more rotor axes. The motor rotates through the motor on each axis to drive the rotor to generate thrust. By changing the relative rotational speed between the different rotor, the size of the propelling force of the single axis can be changed and the trajectory of the aircraft can be controlled.
Ⅱ multi-rotor UAV flight
Motion Types
At present, the motion mode can be roughly divided into four types: vertical motion, pitching motion, rolling motion, and yaw motion.
Ⅲ UAV Future
UAV Iteration
First generation: all kinds of basic remote control aircraft;
Second generation: static design, fixed camera, video and static photos, manual driving control;
Third generation: static design, biaxial gimbal, high definition video, basic security mode, auxiliary driving;
Fourth generation: revolutionary design, thri-axis gimbal, 1080p HD video or higher value instrument, improved safety mode, autopilot mode;
Fifth generation: revolutionary design, 360 degree gimbal, 4K video or higher value instrument, intelligent driving mode;
The sixth generation: business applicability, design conforming to safety and regulatory standards, platform and payload adaptability, automatic safety mode, intelligent driving model and complete autonomy, airspace consciousness.
Ⅳ Analysis of UAV system
Multi Rotor Brain- Flight Controller
First of all, the flight controller acts as a special mixer for the multi rotor. The rise and fall of the remote controller's roll is converted to the size of the power output of the corresponding motor. In addition, now the flight controller has electric gyroscope, accelerometer, compass, barometer sensor. In the attitude mode, the attitude of the aircraft is analyzed by software algorithm. The correction of the attitude anomalies caused by the installation of the aircraft, the interference of the outside as well as the inconsistency between the components helps to maintain the stable state.
Analysis of Multi Rotor Flight Control Module
1. FCU/main controller: built-in inertial measurement unit and CPU, for drone attitude perception, data processing, processing instructions, execution operations.
2.GMU/GPS&Compass module: built-in GPS receiver and antenna, electronic compass, used for drone location (latitude and longitude) locking, drone heading direction locking.
3.Power management module (PMU): reduce the voltage to 5V to support the main controller, test the battery voltage to provide low voltage protection for the drone.
4. Indicator light module (LIU/LED): provide instructions for the state of flight controller, flashes when in low voltage protection.
5. Video overlay module (OSD): shows flight controller data, height, speed, longitude and latitude, heading and so on. It will provide monitoring of drone state parameters when users are flying beyond visual line of sight.
6. External IMU: has higher performance of inertial measurement unit, which can measure more precise drone attitude data. Combined with advanced TopXGun industrial control algorithm, we can get better flight experience and more precise control.
7. Differential GPS module (DGPS): adopts RTK (Real - time kinematic) real time dynamic differential method, which is a major milestone in the application
of GPS.
8. Data-Link: composed of air terminal and ground terminal, used in pairs, communicates in two ends. On the one hand, we can monitor the state parameters of the flight controller in real time. On the other hand, we can send instructions to autonomous flight of PC or mobile terminal devices through the ground station software to realize autonomous flight tasks.
9. BTU: for mobile terminal device to connect flight controller debugging parameters, especially for outdoor debugging, saving the tedious USB line connection.
Multi Rotor Power- Motor
Now the mostly used motor of the multi rotor is an external rotor brush-less motor. Brush-less motor removes the brush, so the most direct change is that there is no electric spark when the brush motor runs. This greatly reduces the interference of the electric spark to the remote control equipment.
Multi Rotor Power- ESC
The electrical input is DC, which can be connected to a voltage regulator or a lithium battery. The general power supply is around the 2-6 section of lithium battery. The output is a three-phase pulse DC, which is directly connected with the three-phase input of the motor. If the electric motor is turned on and the motor reverses, it is only necessary to change any of the two positions between the three lines. There is also a signal line, which is used to connect flight controller or receiver to receive the control signal, so as to change the output current and control the running speed of the motor.
Multi Rotor Power- Positive and Negative Propellers
The counter torsion is caused by the air resistance when the propeller rotates. According principle of mutual effect of the force, the counter torsion will drive the aircraft to rotate in the opposite direction of the propeller rotation. In order to counteract the reverse torque of the propeller, the four propellers nearby are different in the direction of the propeller rotation, so the positive and negative propellers are needed. The wind of the positive and negative propellers all blow down. A positive propeller rotates clockwise and a negative propeller rotates counterclockwise. When the normal quad axis flights, the four propellers counteracts each other. The principle of counter torsion is applied in multi rotor rotation
Multi Rotor Drone Frame
The frame is the body part of the multi rotor. The materials are usually made of nylon, plastic, aluminum alloy, glass fiber and carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is the most excellent composite material with high strength and rigidity, and it is the most widely used in the production of multi rotor drone frame.
Multi Rotor Power Source-Lithium Polymer Battery
At present, the most commonly used battery for multi rotor is lithium polymer battery. The nominal voltage of the monolithic core is 3.7V, which is 4.2V after full charge. The lowest discharge can not be less than 3V, otherwise, the core will cause permanent damage and cannot be repaired. The battery has the characteristics of slow charging (small charging current), fast discharge (high discharge current), and it's needed to use the specific charger.
Multi Rotor Ground Command Station-Remote Controller
Remote controller: it is a radio communication device, composed of RC transmitter and RC receiver. The RC transmitter is hand-held and RC receiver is an airborne terminal. It's needed to send control command to the RC receiver on the drone so as to achieve the wireless control of the drone.
Early Aircraft Evolution
In fifteenth Century, Da Finch designed a vertical screw - like helicopter, but it didn't go beyond empty talk. Geller designed and built monoplane glider model with adjustable cruciform tail, like the kite wing assembly in high angle range, which can change the weight and center. This gliding device has great significance in flight. The Wright brothers' first testing aircraft is completely controlled, on its own power, whose body is heavier than air, continued to hover without landing. That is "the world's first aircraft".
UAV Evolution
The First UAV
Peter Cooper and Elmer A. Sperry invented the first automatic gyro stabilizer, which can make the aircraft keep balance in forward flight. This technology transformed successfully United States Navy Curtiss N-9 type trainer to the radio controlled UAV.
UAV Types
There are three types of UAV at present: fixed wing, helicopter, multi rotor. Fixed wing refers to the propulsion or pulling force that is generated by the power plant, which is generated by lifting the fixed wing of the fuselage and flying heavier than air in the atmosphere. The multi rotor is a special unmanned helicopter with three or more rotor axes. The motor rotates through the motor on each axis to drive the rotor to generate thrust. By changing the relative rotational speed between the different rotor, the size of the propelling force of the single axis can be changed and the trajectory of the aircraft can be controlled.
Ⅱ multi-rotor UAV flight
Motion Types
At present, the motion mode can be roughly divided into four types: vertical motion, pitching motion, rolling motion, and yaw motion.
Ⅲ UAV Future
UAV Iteration
First generation: all kinds of basic remote control aircraft;
Second generation: static design, fixed camera, video and static photos, manual driving control;
Third generation: static design, biaxial gimbal, high definition video, basic security mode, auxiliary driving;
Fourth generation: revolutionary design, thri-axis gimbal, 1080p HD video or higher value instrument, improved safety mode, autopilot mode;
Fifth generation: revolutionary design, 360 degree gimbal, 4K video or higher value instrument, intelligent driving mode;
The sixth generation: business applicability, design conforming to safety and regulatory standards, platform and payload adaptability, automatic safety mode, intelligent driving model and complete autonomy, airspace consciousness.
Ⅳ Analysis of UAV system
Multi Rotor Brain- Flight Controller
First of all, the flight controller acts as a special mixer for the multi rotor. The rise and fall of the remote controller's roll is converted to the size of the power output of the corresponding motor. In addition, now the flight controller has electric gyroscope, accelerometer, compass, barometer sensor. In the attitude mode, the attitude of the aircraft is analyzed by software algorithm. The correction of the attitude anomalies caused by the installation of the aircraft, the interference of the outside as well as the inconsistency between the components helps to maintain the stable state.
Analysis of Multi Rotor Flight Control Module
1. FCU/main controller: built-in inertial measurement unit and CPU, for drone attitude perception, data processing, processing instructions, execution operations.
2.GMU/GPS&Compass module: built-in GPS receiver and antenna, electronic compass, used for drone location (latitude and longitude) locking, drone heading direction locking.
3.Power management module (PMU): reduce the voltage to 5V to support the main controller, test the battery voltage to provide low voltage protection for the drone.
4. Indicator light module (LIU/LED): provide instructions for the state of flight controller, flashes when in low voltage protection.
5. Video overlay module (OSD): shows flight controller data, height, speed, longitude and latitude, heading and so on. It will provide monitoring of drone state parameters when users are flying beyond visual line of sight.
6. External IMU: has higher performance of inertial measurement unit, which can measure more precise drone attitude data. Combined with advanced TopXGun industrial control algorithm, we can get better flight experience and more precise control.
7. Differential GPS module (DGPS): adopts RTK (Real - time kinematic) real time dynamic differential method, which is a major milestone in the application
of GPS.
8. Data-Link: composed of air terminal and ground terminal, used in pairs, communicates in two ends. On the one hand, we can monitor the state parameters of the flight controller in real time. On the other hand, we can send instructions to autonomous flight of PC or mobile terminal devices through the ground station software to realize autonomous flight tasks.
9. BTU: for mobile terminal device to connect flight controller debugging parameters, especially for outdoor debugging, saving the tedious USB line connection.
Multi Rotor Power- Motor
Now the mostly used motor of the multi rotor is an external rotor brush-less motor. Brush-less motor removes the brush, so the most direct change is that there is no electric spark when the brush motor runs. This greatly reduces the interference of the electric spark to the remote control equipment.
Multi Rotor Power- ESC
The electrical input is DC, which can be connected to a voltage regulator or a lithium battery. The general power supply is around the 2-6 section of lithium battery. The output is a three-phase pulse DC, which is directly connected with the three-phase input of the motor. If the electric motor is turned on and the motor reverses, it is only necessary to change any of the two positions between the three lines. There is also a signal line, which is used to connect flight controller or receiver to receive the control signal, so as to change the output current and control the running speed of the motor.
Multi Rotor Power- Positive and Negative Propellers
The counter torsion is caused by the air resistance when the propeller rotates. According principle of mutual effect of the force, the counter torsion will drive the aircraft to rotate in the opposite direction of the propeller rotation. In order to counteract the reverse torque of the propeller, the four propellers nearby are different in the direction of the propeller rotation, so the positive and negative propellers are needed. The wind of the positive and negative propellers all blow down. A positive propeller rotates clockwise and a negative propeller rotates counterclockwise. When the normal quad axis flights, the four propellers counteracts each other. The principle of counter torsion is applied in multi rotor rotation
Multi Rotor Drone Frame
The frame is the body part of the multi rotor. The materials are usually made of nylon, plastic, aluminum alloy, glass fiber and carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is the most excellent composite material with high strength and rigidity, and it is the most widely used in the production of multi rotor drone frame.
Multi Rotor Power Source-Lithium Polymer Battery
At present, the most commonly used battery for multi rotor is lithium polymer battery. The nominal voltage of the monolithic core is 3.7V, which is 4.2V after full charge. The lowest discharge can not be less than 3V, otherwise, the core will cause permanent damage and cannot be repaired. The battery has the characteristics of slow charging (small charging current), fast discharge (high discharge current), and it's needed to use the specific charger.
Multi Rotor Ground Command Station-Remote Controller
Remote controller: it is a radio communication device, composed of RC transmitter and RC receiver. The RC transmitter is hand-held and RC receiver is an airborne terminal. It's needed to send control command to the RC receiver on the drone so as to achieve the wireless control of the drone.
